CentOS教程之CentOS磁盘分区，格局化与查验

如果您觉得本篇CentOSLinux教程讲得好，请记得点击右边漂浮的分享程序，把好文章分享给你的小伙伴们！磁盘分区，格局化与查验


磁盘分区：fdisk
磁盘格局化：mkfs,mke2fs
磁盘检测：fsck
年夜容量磁盘分区：parted

磁盘分区


语法：fdisk[-l]装备称号
-l:输入体系内一切分区

举例：

1. [root@localhost~]#fdisk-lDisk/dev/sda:21.4GB,21474836480bytes255heads,63sectors/track,2610cylindersUnits=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytesDeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem/dev/sda1*11310439183Linux/dev/sda214128810241437+83Linux/dev/sda3128919255116702+83Linux/dev/sda4192626105502262+5Extended/dev/sda519262052102009682Linuxswap/Solaris/dev/sda6205323022008093+83Linux

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1.检察磁盘文件名
[root@localhost~]#df/
文件体系1K-块已用可用已用%挂载点
/dev/sda299206244329108507944847%/

2.检察磁盘分区功效

1. [root@localhost~]#fdisk/dev/sda//这里不带数字Thenumberofcylindersforthisdiskissetto2610.Thereisnothingwrongwiththat,butthisislargerthan1024,andcouldincertainsetupscauseproblemswith:1)softwarethatrunsatboottime(e.g.,oldversionsofLILO)2)bootingandpartitioningsoftwarefromotherOSs(e.g.,DOSFDISK,OS/2FDISK)Command(mforhelp):mCommandactionatoggleabootableflagbeditbsddisklabelctogglethedoscompatibilityflagddeleteapartition//删除磁盘分区llistknownpartitiontypesmprintthismenu//检察磁盘分区功效naddanewpartition//增添一个磁盘分区ocreateanewemptyDOSpartitiontablepprintthepartitiontable//检察磁盘分区qquitwithoutsavingchangesscreateanewemptySundisklabeltchangeapartitionssystemiduchangedisplay/entryunitsvverifythepartitiontablewwritetabletodiskandexitxextrafunctionality(expertsonly)

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删除磁盘分区

1. [root@localhost~]#fdisk/dev/sdaThenumberofcylindersforthisdiskissetto2610.Thereisnothingwrongwiththat,butthisislargerthan1024,andcouldincertainsetupscauseproblemswith:1)softwarethatrunsatboottime(e.g.,oldversionsofLILO)2)bootingandpartitioningsoftwarefromotherOSs(e.g.,DOSFDISK,OS/2FDISK)Command(mforhelp):pDisk/dev/sda:21.4GB,21474836480bytes255heads,63sectors/track,2610cylindersUnits=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytesDeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem/dev/sda1*11310439183Linux/dev/sda214128810241437+83Linux/dev/sda3128919255116702+83Linux/dev/sda4192626105502262+5Extended/dev/sda519262052102009682Linuxswap/Solaris/dev/sda6205323022008093+83Linux

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由上可知我的磁盘次要分为6个分区，1,2,3为主分区，4为扩大分区，5为swap分区，6是逻辑分区

1. Command(mforhelp):dPartitionnumber(1-6):3Command(mforhelp):pDisk/dev/sda:21.4GB,21474836480bytes255heads,63sectors/track,2610cylindersUnits=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytesDeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem/dev/sda1*11310439183Linux/dev/sda214128810241437+83Linux/dev/sda4192626105502262+5Extended/dev/sda519262052102009682Linuxswap/Solaris/dev/sda6205323022008093+83Linux删除主分区sad3后能够看到磁盘信息不在包括sad3Command(mforhelp):dPartitionnumber(1-6):4Command(mforhelp):pDisk/dev/sda:21.4GB,21474836480bytes255heads,63sectors/track,2610cylindersUnits=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytesDeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem/dev/sda1*11310439183Linux/dev/sda214128810241437+83Linux

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删除扩大分区sad4后能够看到扩大分区，逻辑分区都被删除（由于逻辑分区是由扩大分区衍生而来的）。

增添磁盘分区

磁盘分区最多只能有4个主分区+扩大分区构成，个中扩大分区最多只能有一个，剩下在创立的分区都是由扩大分区衍生出来的逻辑分区

举例1.因为磁盘现分辨别为3个主分区，1个扩大分区。因而在创立时将间接创立逻辑分区，而不在扣问是不是创立主分区大概扩大分区

1. [root@localhost~]#fdisk/dev/sdaThenumberofcylindersforthisdiskissetto2610.Thereisnothingwrongwiththat,butthisislargerthan1024,andcouldincertainsetupscauseproblemswith:1)softwarethatrunsatboottime(e.g.,oldversionsofLILO)2)bootingandpartitioningsoftwarefromotherOSs(e.g.,DOSFDISK,OS/2FDISK)Command(mforhelp):pDisk/dev/sda:21.4GB,21474836480bytes255heads,63sectors/track,2610cylindersUnits=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytesDeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem/dev/sda1*11310439183Linux/dev/sda214128810241437+83Linux/dev/sda3128919255116702+83Linux/dev/sda4192626105502262+5Extended/dev/sda519262052102009682Linuxswap/Solaris/dev/sda6205323022008093+83LinuxCommand(mforhelp):nFirstcylinder(2303-2610,default2303):

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举例2：创立主/扩大分区

1. [root@localhost~]#fdisk/dev/sdaThenumberofcylindersforthisdiskissetto2610.Thereisnothingwrongwiththat,butthisislargerthan1024,andcouldincertainsetupscauseproblemswith:1)softwarethatrunsatboottime(e.g.,oldversionsofLILO)2)bootingandpartitioningsoftwarefromotherOSs(e.g.,DOSFDISK,OS/2FDISK)Command(mforhelp):d//先将主分区和逻辑分区删除（假如为4个则默许创立逻辑分区）Partitionnumber(1-6):2Command(mforhelp):dPartitionnumber(1-6):4Command(mforhelp):pDisk/dev/sda:21.4GB,21474836480bytes255heads,63sectors/track,2610cylindersUnits=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytesDeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem/dev/sda1*11310439183Linux/dev/sda3128919255116702+83LinuxCommand(mforhelp):nCommandactioneextendedpprimarypartition(1-4)

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提醒用户选择是是创立主分区仍是扩大分区

举例3.创立逻辑分区与扩大分区

1. root@localhost~]#fdisk/dev/sdaThenumberofcylindersforthisdiskissetto2610.Thereisnothingwrongwiththat,butthisislargerthan1024,andcouldincertainsetupscauseproblemswith:1)softwarethatrunsatboottime(e.g.,oldversionsofLILO)2)bootingandpartitioningsoftwarefromotherOSs(e.g.,DOSFDISK,OS/2FDISK)Command(mforhelp):pDisk/dev/sda:21.4GB,21474836480bytes255heads,63sectors/track,2610cylindersUnits=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytesDeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem/dev/sda1*11310439183Linux/dev/sda214128810241437+83Linux/dev/sda3128919255116702+83Linux/dev/sda4192626105502262+5Extended/dev/sda519262052102009682Linuxswap/Solaris/dev/sda6205323022008093+83LinuxCommand(mforhelp):dPartitionnumber(1-6):4Command(mforhelp):nCommandactioneextendedpprimarypartition(1-4)eSelectedpartition4Firstcylinder(1926-2610,default1926):Usingdefaultvalue1926Lastcylinderor+sizeor+sizeMor+sizeK(1926-2610,default2610):Usingdefaultvalue2610Command(mforhelp):pDisk/dev/sda:21.4GB,21474836480bytes255heads,63sectors/track,2610cylindersUnits=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytesDeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem/dev/sda1*11310439183Linux/dev/sda214128810241437+83Linux/dev/sda3128919255116702+83Linux/dev/sda4192626105502262+5Extended

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sd4为新创立的扩大分区，巨细为从柱面1926到2610

1. Command(mforhelp):nFirstcylinder(1926-2610,default1926):Usingdefaultvalue1926Lastcylinderor+sizeor+sizeMor+sizeK(1926-2610,default2610):+500M

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关于此处能够指定柱面号码，以能够经由过程+XXM指定巨细，让其主动分派柱面
Command(mforhelp):p

1. Disk/dev/sda:21.4GB,21474836480bytes255heads,63sectors/track,2610cylindersUnits=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytesDeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem/dev/sda1*11310439183Linux/dev/sda214128810241437+83Linux/dev/sda3128919255116702+83Linux/dev/sda4192626105502262+5Extended/dev/sda519261987497983+83Linux

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sd5为新创立的逻辑分区，巨细为500M

内核对找分区

当我们增添分区后，体系让我们reboot以加载分区。也能够不必重启，只必要关照内容从头查找分区便可

1. Thepartitiontablehasbeenaltered!Callingioctl()tore-readpartitiontable.WARNING:Re-readingthepartitiontablefailedwitherror16:装备或资本忙.Thekernelstillusestheoldtable.Thenewtablewillbeusedatthenextreboot.Syncingdisks.[root@localhost~]#partprobe

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磁盘格局化

分区终了后要举行文件体系的格局化

mkfs

语法：mkfs[-t文件体系格局]装备文件名
选项与参数：
-t:文件体系格局，比方ext3,ext2,vfat等

举例

1. [root@localhost~]#fdisk/dev/sda//这里不带数字Thenumberofcylindersforthisdiskissetto2610.Thereisnothingwrongwiththat,butthisislargerthan1024,andcouldincertainsetupscauseproblemswith:1)softwarethatrunsatboottime(e.g.,oldversionsofLILO)2)bootingandpartitioningsoftwarefromotherOSs(e.g.,DOSFDISK,OS/2FDISK)Command(mforhelp):mCommandactionatoggleabootableflagbeditbsddisklabelctogglethedoscompatibilityflagddeleteapartition//删除磁盘分区llistknownpartitiontypesmprintthismenu//检察磁盘分区功效naddanewpartition//增添一个磁盘分区ocreateanewemptyDOSpartitiontablepprintthepartitiontable//检察磁盘分区qquitwithoutsavingchangesscreateanewemptySundisklabeltchangeapartitionssystemiduchangedisplay/entryunitsvverifythepartitiontablewwritetabletodiskandexitxextrafunctionality(expertsonly)0

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个中文件体系Label和iBLOCK巨细均接纳默许巨细。假如关于EXT2/EXT3我们对这些信息由特别的需求,可使用mke2fs

mke2fs

语法：mke2fs[-bblock巨细][-iinode巨细][-L卷标][-cj]装备
选项与参数：
-b:设置block巨细，今朝撑持1024,2048,4096
-i:几容量赐与一个inode
-c:反省磁盘毛病
-L:卷标称号（Label）
-j:主动到场日记体系成为EXT3文件体系，不加在默许为EXT2

举例

1. [root@localhost~]#fdisk/dev/sda//这里不带数字Thenumberofcylindersforthisdiskissetto2610.Thereisnothingwrongwiththat,butthisislargerthan1024,andcouldincertainsetupscauseproblemswith:1)softwarethatrunsatboottime(e.g.,oldversionsofLILO)2)bootingandpartitioningsoftwarefromotherOSs(e.g.,DOSFDISK,OS/2FDISK)Command(mforhelp):mCommandactionatoggleabootableflagbeditbsddisklabelctogglethedoscompatibilityflagddeleteapartition//删除磁盘分区llistknownpartitiontypesmprintthismenu//检察磁盘分区功效naddanewpartition//增添一个磁盘分区ocreateanewemptyDOSpartitiontablepprintthepartitiontable//检察磁盘分区qquitwithoutsavingchangesscreateanewemptySundisklabeltchangeapartitionssystemiduchangedisplay/entryunitsvverifythepartitiontablewwritetabletodiskandexitxextrafunctionality(expertsonly)1

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磁盘检测(fsck)

语法:fsck[-t文件体系格局][-ACay]
选项与参数
-t：文件体系格局。
-A：根据/etc/fstab的内容，将必要的安装扫瞄一次。
-a：主动修复反省到的有成绩的扇区.
-y：与-a相似，可是某些filesystem仅撑持-y这个参数
-C：能够在查验的历程傍边，利用一个直方图来显现今朝的进度！

EXT2/EXT3的分外选项功效：(e2fsck这支下令所供应)
-f：强迫反省！一样平常来讲，假如fsck没有发明任何unclean的旗标，不会自动进进细部反省的，假如您想要强迫fsck进进细部反省，就得加上-f
-D：针对文件体系下的目次举行优化设置。

举例

1. [root@localhost~]#fdisk/dev/sda//这里不带数字Thenumberofcylindersforthisdiskissetto2610.Thereisnothingwrongwiththat,butthisislargerthan1024,andcouldincertainsetupscauseproblemswith:1)softwarethatrunsatboottime(e.g.,oldversionsofLILO)2)bootingandpartitioningsoftwarefromotherOSs(e.g.,DOSFDISK,OS/2FDISK)Command(mforhelp):mCommandactionatoggleabootableflagbeditbsddisklabelctogglethedoscompatibilityflagddeleteapartition//删除磁盘分区llistknownpartitiontypesmprintthismenu//检察磁盘分区功效naddanewpartition//增添一个磁盘分区ocreateanewemptyDOSpartitiontablepprintthepartitiontable//检察磁盘分区qquitwithoutsavingchangesscreateanewemptySundisklabeltchangeapartitionssystemiduchangedisplay/entryunitsvverifythepartitiontablewwritetabletodiskandexitxextrafunctionality(expertsonly)2

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申明：必要磁盘反省的分区不克不及挂载在体系上，必要先被卸载才干磁盘检测

年夜容量磁盘分区(parted)

因为fdisk没法撑持到高于2TB以上的分区，此时就必要parted来处置了

语法：parted[装备][下令[参数]]
选项与参数：
新增分区：mkpart[primary|logical|extended][ext3|vfat]入手下手停止
分区表：print
删除分区：rm[partition]

举例1：检察分区表

1. [root@localhost~]#fdisk/dev/sda//这里不带数字Thenumberofcylindersforthisdiskissetto2610.Thereisnothingwrongwiththat,butthisislargerthan1024,andcouldincertainsetupscauseproblemswith:1)softwarethatrunsatboottime(e.g.,oldversionsofLILO)2)bootingandpartitioningsoftwarefromotherOSs(e.g.,DOSFDISK,OS/2FDISK)Command(mforhelp):mCommandactionatoggleabootableflagbeditbsddisklabelctogglethedoscompatibilityflagddeleteapartition//删除磁盘分区llistknownpartitiontypesmprintthismenu//检察磁盘分区功效naddanewpartition//增添一个磁盘分区ocreateanewemptyDOSpartitiontablepprintthepartitiontable//检察磁盘分区qquitwithoutsavingchangesscreateanewemptySundisklabeltchangeapartitionssystemiduchangedisplay/entryunitsvverifythepartitiontablewwritetabletodiskandexitxextrafunctionality(expertsonly)3

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经由过程以上信息能够看出，扩大分区到21.5G，逻辑分区利用到16.9G，那末16.9G~21.5G只局部空间还为被利用（未被分区）

举例2：新增分区

1. [root@localhost~]#fdisk/dev/sda//这里不带数字Thenumberofcylindersforthisdiskissetto2610.Thereisnothingwrongwiththat,butthisislargerthan1024,andcouldincertainsetupscauseproblemswith:1)softwarethatrunsatboottime(e.g.,oldversionsofLILO)2)bootingandpartitioningsoftwarefromotherOSs(e.g.,DOSFDISK,OS/2FDISK)Command(mforhelp):mCommandactionatoggleabootableflagbeditbsddisklabelctogglethedoscompatibilityflagddeleteapartition//删除磁盘分区llistknownpartitiontypesmprintthismenu//检察磁盘分区功效naddanewpartition//增添一个磁盘分区ocreateanewemptyDOSpartitiontablepprintthepartitiontable//检察磁盘分区qquitwithoutsavingchangesscreateanewemptySundisklabeltchangeapartitionssystemiduchangedisplay/entryunitsvverifythepartitiontablewwritetabletodiskandexitxextrafunctionality(expertsonly)4

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举例3：删除分区

1. [root@localhost~]#fdisk/dev/sda//这里不带数字Thenumberofcylindersforthisdiskissetto2610.Thereisnothingwrongwiththat,butthisislargerthan1024,andcouldincertainsetupscauseproblemswith:1)softwarethatrunsatboottime(e.g.,oldversionsofLILO)2)bootingandpartitioningsoftwarefromotherOSs(e.g.,DOSFDISK,OS/2FDISK)Command(mforhelp):mCommandactionatoggleabootableflagbeditbsddisklabelctogglethedoscompatibilityflagddeleteapartition//删除磁盘分区llistknownpartitiontypesmprintthismenu//检察磁盘分区功效naddanewpartition//增添一个磁盘分区ocreateanewemptyDOSpartitiontablepprintthepartitiontable//检察磁盘分区qquitwithoutsavingchangesscreateanewemptySundisklabeltchangeapartitionssystemiduchangedisplay/entryunitsvverifythepartitiontablewwritetabletodiskandexitxextrafunctionality(expertsonly)5

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1. [root@localhost~]#fdisk/dev/sda//这里不带数字Thenumberofcylindersforthisdiskissetto2610.Thereisnothingwrongwiththat,butthisislargerthan1024,andcouldincertainsetupscauseproblemswith:1)softwarethatrunsatboottime(e.g.,oldversionsofLILO)2)bootingandpartitioningsoftwarefromotherOSs(e.g.,DOSFDISK,OS/2FDISK)Command(mforhelp):mCommandactionatoggleabootableflagbeditbsddisklabelctogglethedoscompatibilityflagddeleteapartition//删除磁盘分区llistknownpartitiontypesmprintthismenu//检察磁盘分区功效naddanewpartition//增添一个磁盘分区ocreateanewemptyDOSpartitiontablepprintthepartitiontable//检察磁盘分区qquitwithoutsavingchangesscreateanewemptySundisklabeltchangeapartitionssystemiduchangedisplay/entryunitsvverifythepartitiontablewwritetabletodiskandexitxextrafunctionality(expertsonly)6

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申明：parted分区提交即实行，因而利用起来需当心

本文出自“StarFlex”博客，请务必保存此出处http://tiankefeng.blog.51cto.com/8687281/1372404
如果您觉得本篇CentOSLinux教程讲得好，请记得点击右边漂浮的分享程序，把好文章分享给你的好朋友们！

任何一个叫做操作系统的工具都是这样子构成的：内核+用户界面+一般应用程序。

以前觉得Linux就跟dos一样，全是用命令窗口，相对于窗口界面来说多麻烦呀。

甚至目前许多应用软件都是基于它的。可是没有哪一个系统是十分完美的。

我们这一代90后，从小接触的是windows98，家里条件好的自己有电脑装的是2000，后来又有了XP，上大学时又有了win7。

Linux操作系统这个名词记得在很早以前就听过，但当时并不知道具体是什么样的操作系统，只知道是一个与嵌入式密切相关的操作系统。

其中不乏很多IT精英的心血。我们学透以后更可以做成自己的OS！?

学习Linux应具备的。[书籍+网络资源]

对于英语不是很好的读者红旗 Linux、中标Linux这些中文版本比较适合。现在一些Linux网站有一些Linux版本的免费下载，这里要说的是并不适合Linux初学者。