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小知识:Linux发展和成长过程始终依赖着五个重要支柱:UNIX操作系统、MINIX操作系统、GNU计划、POSIX标准和Internet网络。
Nginx不但是一款优异的WEB办事器,同时能够依据nginx的反代办署理能够设置成壮大的负载平衡器.这里就先容怎样把nginx设置成负载平衡器,并分离keepalived设置高可用的集群.
一样平常集群次要架构为:
前端为负载平衡器两个:主/备,两种事情体例,一种是备机待机形态,主机妨碍时备机接受主机事情完成妨碍庄毅,在主机妨碍规复完成时备机持续仅需待机形态,第二种是主备同时事情,一台宕机别的一台主动接受另外一台的事情完成妨碍转移.
第一种体例能够经由过程将域名剖析到一个假造ip(vip)上,主负载平衡器绑定假造ip,当主负载平衡器呈现妨碍时,经由过程keepalived主动将vip绑定到备用负载平衡器上同时arping网关革新MAC地点.,制止单点妨碍.
第二种体例主备同时绑定一个vip,把域名经由过程DNS轮询的体例剖析到这两个办事器上,主机呈现妨碍,备机就将主机绑定vip绑定到备机上,同时arping网关革新MAC地点.完成妨碍转移.
两头为WEB办事器作为realserver,处置哀求.
后端为数据库和散布式文件体系.数据库通常是主从两台.散布式文件体系无效办理WEB办事器之间的数据同步.有的还会将图片办事器独自分别出来放在后端.
本文利用情况:
CentOS5.532位
nginx:nginx-1.0.11
keepalived:keepalived-1.1.19.tar.gz
主调剂器:192.168.3.1
备调剂器:192.168.3.2
realserver:192.168.3.4/5/6
本文彩用第一种体例来举行vip为:192.168.3.253
1、在主备办事器上部署nginx
1.下载
- wgethttp://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.0.11.tar.gz
复制代码 2.安装
- yum-yinstallzlib-develpcre-developenssl-devel#安装依附tar-zxvfnginx-1.0.11.tar.gzcdnginx-1.0.11./configure--prefix=/usr/local/nginx--with-http_ssl_module--with-http_flv_module--with-http_gzip_static_modulemake&&makeinstall
复制代码 3.设置
设置主调剂器的nginx,编纂nginx.conf- vi/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.confhttp{includemime.types;default_typeapplication/octet-stream;#log_formatmain$remote_addr-$remote_user[$time_local]"$request"#$status$body_bytes_sent"$http_referer"#"$http_user_agent""$http_x_forwarded_for";#access_loglogs/access.logmain;sendfileon;#tcp_nopushon;#keepalive_timeout0;keepalive_timeout65;#gzipon;#增加一组实在的办事器地点池#供proxy_pass和fastcgi_pass指令中利用的代办署理办事器upstreamreal_server_pool{#背景假如有静态使用的时分,ip_hash指令能够经由过程hash算法#将客户端哀求定位到统一台后端办事器上,办理session同享,#但倡议用静态使用做session同享#ip_hash;#server用于指定一个后端办事器的称号和参数#weight代表权,重默许为1,权重越高被分派的客户端越多#max_fails指准时间内对后端哀求失利的次数#fail_timeout到达max_fails指定的失利次数后停息的工夫server192.168.3.4:80weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;#down参数用来标志为离线,不介入负载平衡.在ip_hash下利用#在此做演示,前面测试会往失落server192.168.3.5:80weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30sdown;#backup仅仅在非backup办事器宕机或忙碌的时分利用#(在此做演示,前面测试会往失落)server192.168.3.6:80weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30sbackup;}server{listen192.168.3.1:80;server_namelocalhost;#charsetkoi8-r;#access_loglogs/host.access.logmain;location/{#roothtml;#indexindex.htmlindex.htm;#利用upstream设置的一组代办署理办事器#假如后端办事器呈现502或504等实行毛病时,#将主动将哀求转发给负载平衡池中的另外一台办事器.proxy_next_upstreamhttp_502http_504errortimeoutinvalid_header;proxy_passhttp://real_server_pool;proxy_set_headerHost$host;proxy_set_headerX-Forwarded-For$remote_addr;}}}
复制代码 (注重:设置文件中正文ip_hash,觉得ip_hash这个功效将包管这个客户端哀求老是被转发到一台办事器上,以是假如启用了ip_hash指令,将不克不及再利用weight(权重参数),设置文件中到场为注释ip_hash指令)
设置备用nginx,将监听ip改成备用调剂器的ip- http{includemime.types;default_typeapplication/octet-stream;#log_formatmain$remote_addr-$remote_user[$time_local]"$request"#$status$body_bytes_sent"$http_referer"#"$http_user_agent""$http_x_forwarded_for";#access_loglogs/access.logmain;sendfileon;#tcp_nopushon;#keepalive_timeout0;keepalive_timeout65;#gzipon;upstreamreal_server_pool{#ip_hash;server192.168.3.4:80weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;server192.168.3.5:80weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;server192.168.3.6:80weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;}server{listen192.168.3.2:80;#监听ip改成当地ipserver_namelocalhost;#charsetkoi8-r;#access_loglogs/host.access.logmain;location/{#roothtml;#indexindex.htmlindex.htm;proxy_next_upstreamhttp_502http_504errortimeoutinvalid_header;proxy_passhttp://real_server_pool;proxy_set_headerHost$host;proxy_set_headerX-Forwarded-For$remote_addr;}
复制代码 然后启动主备nginx:- /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
复制代码 2、在主备办事器上部署keepalived
安装
安装依附:- yum-yinstallkernel-devel#安装依附
复制代码 开启路由转发:- vi/etc/sysctl.confnet.ipv4.ip_forward=1#此参数改成1sysctl-p#使修正失效
复制代码 起首安装ipvs:- ln-s/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-194.el5-i686//usr/src/linux#ipvs必要内核文件,做一个软毗连#下载wgethttp://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/software/kernel-2.6/ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gztar-zxvfipvsadm-1.24.tar.gzcdipvsadm-1.24makemakeinstall
复制代码 然后安装keepalived- #下载wgethttp://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.1.19.tar.gztar-zxvfkeepalived-1.1.19.tar.gzcdkeepalived-1.1.19./configure--prefix=/#安装在默许地位(设置文件,二进制文件,启动剧本放到默许地位)--mandir=/usr/local/share/man/--with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-194.el5-i686/#必要内核的头文件make&&makeinstall
复制代码 设置keepalived
编纂主调剂器设置文件/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf- global_defs{notification_email{cold_night@linuxzen.com#界说关照邮箱,有多个能够换行增加}notification_email_fromroot@linuxzen.com#界说发送邮件的邮箱smtp_serverwww.linuxzen.com#界说发件办事器smtp_connect_timeout30#界说毗连smtp办事器超不时间router_idLVS_DEVEL}vrrp_instanceVI_1{stateMASTER#标示主备,备机上改成BACKUPinte***ceeth0#HA监测的端口virtual_router_id51#主备的virtual_router_id的值必需不异priority100#优先级,一般次要比备稍年夜advert_int1#VRRPMulticast播送周期秒数authentication{#界说认证auth_typePASS#认证体例auth_pass1111#认证口令字}virtual_ipaddress{#界说vip192.168.3.253#多个可换行增加,一行一个}}virtual_server192.168.3.25380{delay_loop6#每隔6秒查询realserver形态lb_algorrlb_kindNATnat_mask255.255.255.0persistence_timeout50#统一IP的毗连50秒内被分派到统一台realserverprotocolTCP#用TCP监测realserver的形态real_server192.168.3.180{weight3#权重TCP_CHECK{connect_timeout10#10秒无呼应超时nb_get_retry3delay_before_retry3connect_port80}}real_server192.168.3.280{weight3TCP_CHECK{connect_timeout3delay_before_retry3connect_port80}}}
复制代码 设置备用调剂器的keepalived,只必要将stateMASTER改成stateBACKUP,下降priority100的值:- yum-yinstallzlib-develpcre-developenssl-devel#安装依附tar-zxvfnginx-1.0.11.tar.gzcdnginx-1.0.11./configure--prefix=/usr/local/nginx--with-http_ssl_module--with-http_flv_module--with-http_gzip_static_modulemake&&makeinstall0
复制代码 主备上启动keepalived:- yum-yinstallzlib-develpcre-developenssl-devel#安装依附tar-zxvfnginx-1.0.11.tar.gzcdnginx-1.0.11./configure--prefix=/usr/local/nginx--with-http_ssl_module--with-http_flv_module--with-http_gzip_static_modulemake&&makeinstall1
复制代码 3、测试—–部署后端办事器
在后端办事器安装nginx,这里仅部署一台然后创立3个基于ip的假造主机供测试:
绑定ip:- yum-yinstallzlib-develpcre-developenssl-devel#安装依附tar-zxvfnginx-1.0.11.tar.gzcdnginx-1.0.11./configure--prefix=/usr/local/nginx--with-http_ssl_module--with-http_flv_module--with-http_gzip_static_modulemake&&makeinstall2
复制代码 安装nginx后编纂设置文件,在http块里增加:- yum-yinstallzlib-develpcre-developenssl-devel#安装依附tar-zxvfnginx-1.0.11.tar.gzcdnginx-1.0.11./configure--prefix=/usr/local/nginx--with-http_ssl_module--with-http_flv_module--with-http_gzip_static_modulemake&&makeinstall3
复制代码 创立假造主机根目次,并创立欠亨的首页文档:- yum-yinstallzlib-develpcre-developenssl-devel#安装依附tar-zxvfnginx-1.0.11.tar.gzcdnginx-1.0.11./configure--prefix=/usr/local/nginx--with-http_ssl_module--with-http_flv_module--with-http_gzip_static_modulemake&&makeinstall4
复制代码 启动nginx:- yum-yinstallzlib-develpcre-developenssl-devel#安装依附tar-zxvfnginx-1.0.11.tar.gzcdnginx-1.0.11./configure--prefix=/usr/local/nginx--with-http_ssl_module--with-http_flv_module--with-http_gzip_static_modulemake&&makeinstall5
复制代码 翻开扫瞄器会见http://192.168.3.253
革新会看到显现分歧的内容:server1,server2,server3(临盆中的办事器应当是一样的)
如今停失落主调剂器的keepalived- yum-yinstallzlib-develpcre-developenssl-devel#安装依附tar-zxvfnginx-1.0.11.tar.gzcdnginx-1.0.11./configure--prefix=/usr/local/nginx--with-http_ssl_module--with-http_flv_module--with-http_gzip_static_modulemake&&makeinstall6
复制代码 检察备调剂器的日记:- yum-yinstallzlib-develpcre-developenssl-devel#安装依附tar-zxvfnginx-1.0.11.tar.gzcdnginx-1.0.11./configure--prefix=/usr/local/nginx--with-http_ssl_module--with-http_flv_module--with-http_gzip_static_modulemake&&makeinstall7
复制代码 如今会见http://192.168.3.253仍然能够会见.
人人也看到了备机keepalived只要检测主机的keepalived中断的时分才会切换vip,而不是检测一台realserver的某一办事(好比检测80端口的HTTP)切换vip,以是在nginx历程中断的时分,假如办事器没有宕机这时候候就没法完成妨碍转移,以是我们编写一个检测nginx形态的剧本分离keepalived完成妨碍转移:- yum-yinstallzlib-develpcre-developenssl-devel#安装依附tar-zxvfnginx-1.0.11.tar.gzcdnginx-1.0.11./configure--prefix=/usr/local/nginx--with-http_ssl_module--with-http_flv_module--with-http_gzip_static_modulemake&&makeinstall8
复制代码 然后背景运转此剧本:- yum-yinstallzlib-develpcre-developenssl-devel#安装依附tar-zxvfnginx-1.0.11.tar.gzcdnginx-1.0.11./configure--prefix=/usr/local/nginx--with-http_ssl_module--with-http_flv_module--with-http_gzip_static_modulemake&&makeinstall9
复制代码 如许就完成了聚集的高牢靠和高可用.
小知识:CentOS完全免费,不存在REDHATAS4需要序列号的问题。 |
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